采用 "Prometheus+Grafana"的开源监控系统，安装部署K8S集群监控平台。
并使用Altermanager告警插件，配合使用企业微信，实现系统集群监控报警机制。

1. 实验节点规划表

主机名称	IP地址	安装组件
m1	192.168.200.61	Prometheus+Grafana+Alertmanager+node_exporter
m2	192.168.200.62	node_exporter
m3	192.168.200.63	node_exporter
n1	192.168.200.64	node_exporter
n2	192.168.200.65	node_exporter
n3	192.168.200.66	node_exporter

2. 安装Prometheus

在master01节点上执行操作。

• 安装Prometheus

# 下载
wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.34.0/prometheus-2.34.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 解压
tar -zxvf prometheus-2.34.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

# 更名
cd /usr/local/  &&  mv prometheus-2.34.0.linux-amd64 prometheus  &&  cd prometheus

• 创建prometheus.service配置文件

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=prometheus
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/data/prometheus --storage.tsdb.retention=15d --log.level=info            
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

• 启动prometheus服务

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start prometheus && systemctl enable prometheus && systemctl status prometheus

• 查看prometheus服务进程

netstat -lntp | grep prometheus

3. 安装node_exporter

1 Node Exporter for Prometheus Dashboard CN 0413 ConsulManager自动同步版 dashboard for Grafana | Grafana Labs

其余节点安装操作相同。

• 安装node_exporter

# 下载
wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.3.1/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 解压
tar -zxvf node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

# 更名
cd /usr/local && mv node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64 node_exporter && cd node_exporter

• 启动node_exproter

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

• 启动node_exproter服务

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start node_exporter && systemctl enable node_exporter && systemctl status node_exporter

• 查看node_exproter服务进程

ps -ef | grep node_exporter

prometheusyml_105">4. 配置prometheus.yml文件

• 修改prometheus.yml配置文件

[root@m1 prometheus]# cat prometheus.yml
# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
       - 127.0.0.1:9093
      # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  - "rules/*.yml"
# - "first_rules.yml"
# - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
# The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: 'prometheus'

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
    - targets: ['localhost:9090']  # 如果对本机node_exporter监控，加入,'localhost:9100'
  
  - job_name: 'K8S-Masters'
  #重写了全局抓取间隔时间，由15秒重写成5秒。
    scrape_interval: 5s
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.200.61:9100']
    - targets: ['192.168.200.62:9100']
    - targets: ['192.168.200.63:9100']

  - job_name: 'K8S-Nodes'
    scrape_interval: 5s
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.200.64:9100']
    - targets: ['192.168.200.65:9100']
    - targets: ['192.168.200.66:9100']

• 检验prometheus.yml配置是否有效

./promtool check config prometheus.yml

• 重启prometheus服务

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart prometheus && systemctl status prometheus

• 重启node_exporter服务

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart node_exporter && systemctl status node_exporter

• 访问Prometheus网站http://192.168.200.61:9090/targets
  

5. 安装Grafana

在master01节点上执行操作。

• 下载安装Grafana

下载链接：Download Grafana | Grafana Labs

# 下载
wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise-8.4.5-1.x86_64.rpm

# 安装
yum install -y grafana-enterprise-8.4.5-1.x86_64.rpm

• 启动grafana服务

systemctl start grafana-server.service && systemctl enable grafana-server.service && systemctl status grafana-server.service

• 查看grafana进程

netstat -lntp | grep grafana-serve

• 访问Grafana网页，即访问http://192.168.200.61:3000

• 修改密码

• 登录访问Grafana网页

• 添加data sources

• 选择"Prometheus"

• 添加URL

• 保存测试，点击“Save&Test”提示绿色成功。

• 配置grafana-node_exporter仪表版

6. 安装Altermanager监控告警

下载地址

Releases · prometheus/alertmanager (github.com)

Download | Prometheus

• 安装Altermanager

# 下载
wget https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.24.0/alertmanager-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 解压
tar xvf alertmanager-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C  /usr/local/

# 更名
cd /usr/local/ && mv alertmanager-0.24.0.linux-amd64  alertmanager && cd alertmanager/

• 登录企业微信

• 获取企业ID：ww9fxxxxxx03000
• 获取部门ID：2
• AgentId：1000003
• Secret：8FZ_LnlwuFKNf6xxxxxxxxxxxxWwVPH8R3ExJvIs

• 获取应用ID

以上步骤完成后，我们就得到了配置Alertmanager的所有信息，包括：企业ID，AgentId，Secret和接收告警的部门id

• 创建wechat.tmpl文件

[root@m1 template]# cat /usr/local/alertmanager/template/wechat.tmpl
{{ define "wechat.default.message" }}
{{- if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 -}}
{{- range $index, $alert := .Alerts -}}
{{- if eq $index 0 -}}
告警类型: {{ $alert.Labels.alertname }}
告警级别: {{ $alert.Labels.severity }}
=====================
{{- end }}
===告警详情===
告警详情: {{ $alert.Annotations.message }}
故障时间: {{ $alert.StartsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
===参考信息===
{{ if gt (len $alert.Labels.instance) 0 -}}故障实例ip: {{ $alert.Labels.instance }};{{- end -}}
{{- if gt (len $alert.Labels.namespace) 0 -}}故障实例所在namespace: {{ $alert.Labels.namespace }};{{- end -}}
{{- if gt (len $alert.Labels.node) 0 -}}故障物理机ip: {{ $alert.Labels.node }};{{- end -}}
{{- if gt (len $alert.Labels.pod_name) 0 -}}故障pod名称: {{ $alert.Labels.pod_name }}{{- end }}
=====================
{{- end }}
{{- end }}
{{- if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 -}}
{{- range $index, $alert := .Alerts -}}
{{- if eq $index 0 -}}
告警类型: {{ $alert.Labels.alertname }}
告警级别: {{ $alert.Labels.severity }}
=====================
{{- end }}
===告警详情===
告警详情: {{ $alert.Annotations.message }}
故障时间: {{ $alert.StartsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
恢复时间: {{ $alert.EndsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
===参考信息===
{{ if gt (len $alert.Labels.instance) 0 -}}故障实例ip: {{ $alert.Labels.instance }};{{- end -}}
{{- if gt (len $alert.Labels.namespace) 0 -}}故障实例所在namespace: {{ $alert.Labels.namespace }};{{- end -}}
{{- if gt (len $alert.Labels.node) 0 -}}故障物理机ip: {{ $alert.Labels.node }};{{- end -}}
{{- if gt (len $alert.Labels.pod_name) 0 -}}故障pod名称: {{ $alert.Labels.pod_name }};{{- end }}
=====================
{{- end }}
{{- end }}
{{- end }}

• 编辑alertmanager.yml配置文件

global:
  resolve_timeout: 1m   									# 每1分钟检测一次是否恢复
  wechat_api_url: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/' 	# 请勿修改！！！
  wechat_api_corp_id: '*************'      					# 企业微信中企业ID
  wechat_api_secret: '************************'     		# 企业微信中创建应用的Secret
templates:
  - '/usr/local/alertmanager/template/*.tmpl'
route:
  receiver: 'wechat'
  group_by: ['env','instance','type','group','job','alertname']
  group_wait: 10s       # 初次发送告警延时
  group_interval: 10s   # 距离第一次发送告警，等待多久再次发送告警
  repeat_interval: 1h   # 告警重发时间
#  receiver: 'email'
receivers:
- name: 'wechat'
  wechat_configs:
  - send_resolved: true
    message: '{{ template "wechat.default.message" . }}'
    to_party: '2'          # 企业微信中创建的接收告警的部门【K8S告警组】的部门ID
    agent_id: '1000003'    # 企业微信中创建的应用的ID
    api_secret: '************************************'    # 企业微信中创建应用的Secret

global:
  resolve_timeout: 1m                                                   # 每1分钟检测一次是否恢复
  wechat_api_url: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/'                # 请勿修改！！！
  wechat_api_corp_id: 'ww9ff288a7d3903000'                              # 企业微信中企业ID
  wechat_api_secret: '8FZ_LnlwuFKNf6yR8A8svWO0arYYrWwVPH8R3ExJvIs'      # 企业微信中创建应用的Secret
templates:
  - '/usr/local/alertmanager/template/*.tmpl'
route:
  receiver: 'wechat'
  group_by: ['env','instance','type','group','job','alertname']
  group_wait: 10s                  # 初次发送告警延时
  group_interval: 3m               # 距离第一次发送告警，等待多久再次发送告警
  repeat_interval: 3m              # 告警重发时间
#  receiver: 'email'
receivers:
- name: 'wechat'
  wechat_configs:
  - send_resolved: true    # 是否发出已解决消息
    to_user: '@all'        # 所有用户
    message: '{{ template "wechat.default.message" . }}'
    to_party: '2'          # 企业微信中创建的接收告警的部门【K8S告警组】的部门ID
    agent_id: '1000003'    # 企业微信中创建的应用的ID
    api_secret: '8FZ_LnlwuFKNf6yR8A8svWO0arYYrWwVPH8R3ExJvIs'    # 企业微信中创建应用的Secret

• 创建alertmanager.service配置文件。

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/alertmanager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=alertmanager
Documentation=https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/alertmanager/alertmanager --config.file=/usr/local/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml --storage.path=/data/alertmanager
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

• 启动alertmanager.service

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start alertmanager.service && systemctl enable alertmanager.service

• 修改prometheus.yml配置文件

• 在prometheus/rules路径下创建node_status.yml

# 创建rules目录并进入
mkdir /usr/local/prometheus/rules &&  cd rules/  

# 创建node_status.yml配置文件
cat node_status.yml
groups:
- name: 实例存活告警规则
  rules:
  - alert: 实例存活告警
    expr: up{job="prometheus"} == 0 or up{job="K8S-Nodes"} == 0
    for: 1m
    labels:
      user: root
      severity: Disaster
    annotations:
      summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} is down"
      description: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }} has been down for more than 1 minutes."
      value: "{{ $value }}"

- name: 内存告警规则
  rules:
  - alert: "内存使用率告警"
    expr: (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - (node_memory_MemFree_bytes+node_memory_Buffers_bytes+node_memory_Cached_bytes )) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100 > 75
    for: 1m
    labels:
      user: root
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "服务器: {{$labels.alertname}} 内存报警"
      description: "{{ $labels.alertname }} 内存资源利用率大于75%！(当前值: {{ $value }}%)"
      value: "{{ $value }}"

- name: CPU报警规则
  rules:
  - alert: CPU使用率告警
    expr: 100 - (avg by (instance)(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[1m]) )) * 100 > 70
    for: 1m
    labels:
      user: root
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "服务器: {{$labels.alertname}} CPU报警"
      description: "服务器: CPU使用超过70%！(当前值: {{ $value }}%)"
      value: "{{ $value }}"

- name: 磁盘报警规则
  rules:
  - alert: 磁盘使用率告警
    expr: (node_filesystem_size_bytes - node_filesystem_avail_bytes) / node_filesystem_size_bytes * 100 > 80
    for: 1m
    labels:
      user: root
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "服务器: {{$labels.alertname}} 磁盘报警"
      description: "服务器:{{$labels.alertname}},磁盘设备: 使用超过80%！(挂载点: {{ $labels.mountpoint }} 当前值: {{ $value }}%)"
      value: "{{ $value }}"

• 检验alertmanager.yml文件是否配置正确

./amtool check-config alertmanager.yml

输出结果

[root@m1 alertmanager]# pwd
/usr/local/alertmanager
[root@m1 alertmanager]# ./amtool check-config alertmanager.yml
Checking 'alertmanager.yml'  SUCCESS
Found:
 - global config
 - route
 - 0 inhibit rules
 - 1 receivers
 - 1 templates
  SUCCESS

• 启动alertmanager服务

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start alertmanager && systemctl enable alertmanager && systemctl status alertmanager

• 查看alertmanager服务进程是否启动

ps -ef | grep alertmanager

• 重启prometheus服务

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart prometheus && systemctl status prometheus

• 访问http://192.168.200.61:9090/alerts ，可以查看相关规则信息。

至此，企业Prometheus对接企业微信告警部署完毕，出现故障时就能看到如下告警信息和恢复信息了。

此时，模拟其中一台主机宕机，查看配置的告警信息在企业微信中是否生效。

• 查看到实例存活告警，发现其中一个主机宕机

• 查看企业微信发出告警信息